Polar bears define the Arctic. Penguins define Antarctica. They never meet, and the reasons reveal how profoundly different the two polar regions truly are, both ecologically and experientially.

Antarctica and the Arctic offer two of the world’s most extraordinary wildlife encounters. This guide compares the iconic species, best seasons and top places to spot polar animals on expedition travel.

Discover the seals of Antarctica and how to identify them on an expedition. This guide explains the species you’re most likely to encounter, their behaviour, and when sightings are at their very best.